Can Master association oversee a (standard) subdivision without an HOA

I apologize in advance for not being too detailed. I would appreciate any knowledge pertaining to the rights of a
"Master Association" to oversee a "standard" subdivision without and HOA or common area elements. Thank you in advance.

Define "standard" subdivision.

If there are no covenants, restrictions, or other legal agreements governing the subdivision's lots, it's hard to see how any outside authority (other than the local municipality) would have any say.

Having said that, there can be legal agreements such as easements that may not have been "disclosed". I'm defining "disclosed" in this context as pieces of paper that were provided to you at closing. However, if an agreement is recorded in your county, that often fits the legal definition of disclosure, so you may want to check with your county recorder's office to see if there are any such agreements for the subdivision.

Easements are common, and the HOA could very well have an easement that gives it rights over certain subdivision property (along with the ability to enforce these rights in the courts).