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SusanB42 (Texas)
Posts: 21
Posted:
can non-director represent director in Texas HOA Board of Directors' meeting? Can the non-director make a motion and the motion is passed?
JohnC46 (South Carolina)
Posts: 14,265
Posted:
Quote:
Posted By SusanB42 on 10/04/2023 7:26 AM
can non-director represent director in Texas HOA Board of Directors' meeting? Can the non-director make a motion and the motion is passed?

I would want the non-director to have a Power of Attorney from the director and if so, s/he has the same power as the director.
TimB4 (Tennessee)
Posts: 21,059
Posted:
Per Texas corporate statutes, applicable if the Association is incorporated (most are, but check to be sure):

Sec. 22.215. VOTING IN PERSON OR BY PROXY. A director of a corporation may vote in person or, if authorized by the certificate of formation or bylaws of the corporation, by proxy executed in writing by the director.

Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.

Therefore, your answer will depend on the language within your governing documents concerning directors voting by proxy.
If the language is silent, then (per my reading of the statute) the director can only vote in person (although, it could be done via zoom, etc.)
SusanB42 (Texas)
Posts: 21
Posted:
The meeting was in May 2023. Now requesting info on a POA will be quite the hassle. Thanks / no proxy was issued.
TerriS6 (California)
Posts: 3,284
Posted:
Authority to vote by proxy if there had been one but doesn't say authority to make a motion.
ElleN (Idaho)
Posts: 4,420
Posted:
Forget about POA. Elaboration: Power-of-Attorney papers specify exactly what the person who has the POA (on behalf of another) can and cannot do. E.g. Suppose Smith is ill and has assigned "POA" to Gallegos. All this means is that anytime Gallegos exercises action xyz on behalf of Smith, first, in advance Gallegos must present the POA papers to those concerned and second, the POA papers had better say that Gallegos can do action xyz. It's almost guaranteed that the POA papers Smith has permit Gallegos to, at most, make Smith's personal financial decisions and make Smith's medical decisions.

Every attorney and her sister will tell you that, if Smith is on the board, POA cannot be assiged to Gallegos for the purpose of serving in Smith's place.

TimB4 nailed it. I will add the caveat that I have never seen bylaws or Articles of Incorporation authorizing a director to vote via a proxy.

If Smith is incapacitated, she/he should resign.

MarkM19 (Texas)
Posts: 1,459
Posted:
Susan,
I have always been told and understood that Proxies are only allowed at Annual Meetings and primarily used to achieve quorum. I had a board member a few years ago try and challenge me that he wanted to give another board member is proxy for a meeting that he was not going to attend. I told him this was not allowed and never got any push back. In that case they were the 2 dissenting votes on a couple of items on the agenda.
CathyA3 (Ohio)
Posts: 6,299
Posted:
I also have never heard of board members voting via proxy.

I vaguely remember a long discussion a few years back about a director who wanted the authority to appoint someone to "his board position" after he moved out (maybe an adult child who was living in the unit?). Posters were unanimous that this couldn't be done:

* A board position doesn't belong to anyone, so it isn't something that an individual has authority over. All owners have a right to seek election to the board, but they serve at the pleasure of the homeowners who can remove them from the board with or without cause.

* Appointing a proxy circumvents this normal process and takes the authority out of the homeowners' hands.

* It's particularly an issue when dealing with items in Executive Session, where discussions must be confidential.

* A director's number one duty is to attend board meetings and vote on all items put before the board. If a director can't perform the essential functions of the job, they should resign.
ElleN (Idaho)
Posts: 4,420
Posted:
Quote:
Posted By CathyA3 on 10/05/2023 5:27 AM

* A board position doesn't belong to anyone, so it isn't something that an individual has authority over. All owners have a right to seek election to the board, but they serve at the pleasure of the homeowners who can remove them from the board with or without cause.

* Appointing a proxy circumvents this normal process and takes the authority out of the homeowners' hands.
... and IMO also the board's hands, since if say one Director Smith is incapacitated, he/she should resign and allow the board to appoint a replacement mid-term, as delineated in either the bylaws, statutes or both.

A couple of Delaware attorneys' positions on this, backing up what CathyA3 posted:

https://www.delawareinc.com/blog/directors-cannot-vote-by-proxy-board-meetings/
https://www.natlawreview.com/article/does-delaware-corporate-law-permit-director-proxy-voting

Robert's Rules is largely a guide, waxing philosophical and often offering no rigidity. On this issue Robert's Rules (now over 800 pages) elaborates on how directors should not vote by proxy. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_voting (at the latter site take care to distinguish from HOA owners voting by proxy and HOA directors voting by proxy).
SusanB42 (Texas)
Posts: 21
Posted:
Thank you all. I found the needed info on non-Director rights ("authority, duties, or liabilities") in Texas Property Code / Business Organizations Code Title 2 Chapter 22 Nonprofit Corp.
CathyA3 (Ohio)
Posts: 6,299
Posted:
I was thinking more about this while I was out on my morning stroll, and I thought about ElleN's point: the remaining board members have the right and duty to appoint a successor if a seat is vacant, and the use of the proxy could circumvent this as well.

The reason that proxies work during an annual election is that homeowners have a right to act in their own interests when voting - that is, they don't have a fiduciary duty to the association. What happens if a proxy acts for a board member who does have a fiduciary duty? Does that duty pass legally to the proxy or not? Has the proxy gone through the usual vetting that board candidates and directors do? I lean toward "no", at least in the case of the vetting.

Finally, If anyone isn't sure about this, picture this process in the hands of a board that is up to no good. Or if multiple directors appoint proxies at the same time.

I think that if the laws were written to allow this, we would have heard about it before now - if for no other reason than it may offer a reason to challenge a board vote, and someone somewhere would have filed a lawsuit.
TerriS6 (California)
Posts: 3,284
Posted:
In CA, a proxy can't be used in lieu of a ballot.
SusanB42 (Texas)
Posts: 21
Posted:
Hello all. The problem was never about PROXY. It was a non-director & spouse of Director who could not attend the meeting in May 2023. S/he attended the DIRECTORS' special called Directors' meeting, made motions that would become an amendment to our Restrictive Covenants/Deed Restrictions & By-Laws. I know that proxy is mainly, usually, always for regular membership meetings. I found the info needed to present to the Board and we can close this topic. Again, Thank you all for your advise and help.
CathyA3 (Ohio)
Posts: 6,299
Posted:
And there's your reason to legally challenge the board vote and thus the amendment. (I'm so prescient sometimes, I scare myself.)

And it was *dumb* - the missing board member could easily have asked a fellow director to make the motions in his absence.

The board needs to consult with the HOA attorney since I think that the invalid motions will invalidate the whole amendment process. I'm not a lawyer, though, so expertise is needed.
SusanB42 (Texas)
Posts: 21
Posted:
Cathy - I like your style! Thank you. I now have reached out to ONE of my fellow members and asked for his advice. I think he has a lawyer on staff..... Thanks again.
SheliaH (Indiana)
Posts: 6,964
Posted:
Quote:
Posted By SusanB42 on 10/05/2023 8:56 AM
Cathy - I like your style! Thank you. I now have reached out to ONE of my fellow members and asked for his advice. I think he has a lawyer on staff..... Thanks again.

You really need to talk to the association attorney about this. Just because the board colleague has an attorney on his staff, that doesn't mean that attorney is well versed in HOA issues or even what directors of corporations (non-profit or profit) can and can't do - and he/she would still need to review your documents. I also doubt he/she would do all this for free.

Not sure why this happened in May and the matter came up 5 months later, but better late than never. Ask the attorney if a board resolution may be warranted to clarify what Cathy noted - board members are expected to attend all meetings and vote on motions, as appropriate. If they're unable to attend, they aren't allowed to authorize anyone (including another board member) to vote on their behalf during a regular board meeting or executive session. If a quorum isn't available, the vote will have to be tabled until the next meeting.

(While you're at it, now might be a good time to establish another resolution on emergency voting/action outside a meeting because I could see someone saying "well, we didn't get an email from Jerry, but he told me doing X would be ok, so we should do it...")


If it is not right do not do it; if it is not true do not say it. Marcus Aurelius
BillH10 (Texas)
Posts: 1,217
Posted:
Susan, you really should obtain the services of an attorney who specializes in HOA law. Please do not use the third cousin of the boyfriend of someone's next door neighbor whose knowledge of HOA law is limited to the fact he or she owns property in one.
SusanB42 (Texas)
Posts: 21
Posted:
Thanks.
SusanB42 (Texas)
Posts: 21
Posted:
Thanks. The reason for the 5-month delay -- after 3 requests I finally received the minutes the end of August along with 5 other documents that I had to review. Yes, Cathy & SheilaH, I agree. Just hoped other homeowners would wake up and support me.
SheliaH (Indiana)
Posts: 6,964
Posted:
What was the vote for? If it concerned a special assessment or increase in the regular assessment, that would usually rile up homeowners. Even then, some will not be moved until the situation escalates to where they have no choice and blaming people would likely be a waste of time.

That said, you could express your concerns about this at a regular board meeting. In front of everyone, ask the board member who should have voted why he felt it was OK to send his wife to do what HE was elected to do. Ask the rest of the board why they went along with it and make them show you in the documents where this is permitted.

Get as many as your neighbors as possible to attend that meeting yo hear the answer - they may blow you off, but that's tougher when several people hear it and possibly ask some pointed follow-up questions.

When I read your original post, I thought a proxy vote would only be allowed at an annual meeting, as others have noted. As a practical matter, why would anyone give a proxy for a board vite when he or she didn't attend the meetings where the issue was discussed or reviewed the information the board received. Just because they sleep together doesn't mean they will agree on everything.

If it is not right do not do it; if it is not true do not say it. Marcus Aurelius
ElleN (Idaho)
Posts: 4,420
Posted:
Would the motion have passed without the vote of the non-director person who (unlawfully) made the motion?

If so, I would be inclined to leave the (passed) motion alone.
SusanB42 (Texas)
Posts: 21
Posted:
Thank you all for your input to my question. I will return next month with results. All take care and again, Thanks.

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