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SheriS1 (Tennessee)
Posts: 21
Posted:
I live in a HOA in TN. Our Board is under the impression that they can do things without members votes.

I realize that the overall responsibility of the President and the Board is to manage the common expenses for our community and to manage the common areas.

1. The Board has added Gutter Cleaning to the budget in the amount of $3000, with no vote. The president said he has every right to do that and because he doesn't want to clean his gutters. We own our land and are responsible for our own exterior maintenance.

2. The Board has allowed the Landscape committee to spend $24,000 in 2018 and now, June 2019 Financial's has $22,000 in new landscaping that was not voted on and there is a $8,000 budget for watering, so with the new landscaping the projected water bill will like be more in the $10,000 range.

I have tried to explain to the Board, what they should be doing and they ignore me. The community was once small (50 or 55 PUDS) but now by the end of 2020 we will be at 145 units. If someone could explain to me what these 2 sections of our CC&R's mean, I would really appreciate it.

My understanding is that what should be on the annual budget should be the common expenses, along with insurance and other mandatory community debt. (taxes, management company fee's, etc). Anything else would require is to vote on special projects for the community as far as Capitol Improvements go, and to make sure that our reserve funds are well funded. Once the budget is set and lets say a repair is needed to be done on the common property, then funds from the reserve would be used and in our case, the board has the right to spend up to $2000 without a member vote. If the repair is over $2000, we should be able to vote on it. At the end of the year, if the reserve fund is lower than that of the reserve impact study suggested amount for that account, we would need to include that in our next budget to replace those funds. Now for Capitol Improvements, like a big landscape plan that doe not fall under maintenance, but new plans by the Landscape Committee, ($22,000) this is something that would should budget for and put so much money to that account until the required funds are in there for the Capitol Improvements that the members have approved by votes. Once again, our board believes they have a right to do this with our votes.

ARTICLE IV COVENANT FOR MAINTENANCE ASSESSMENTS
Section 1. Creation of Lien and Personal Obligation of Assessments. Each Owner of a Lot by acceptance of a deed therefore, whether or not it shall be so expressed in such deed, is deemed to covenant and agree to pay to the Association:
(a) Annual assessments or charges; and
(b) Special assessments for capital improvements, such assessments to be established and collected as hereinafter provided.
(c) The annual and special assessments, together with interest, costs, and reasonable attorney’s fees, shall be a charge on the land and shall be a continuing lien upon the Lot against which the assessment is made. Each such assessment, together with interest, costs, and reasonable attorney’s fees, shall also be the personal obligation of the Owner of the Lot at the time when the assessment became due. The personal obligation for delinquent assessments shall not pass to the respective successor(s) in title, unless expressly assumed by such successor(s).

Section 2. Purpose of Assessments. The assessments levied by the Association shall be used exclusively to promote the recreation, health, safety, and welfare of the residents in the development and for the improvements and maintenance of the Association Property situated within the Property, including, but not limited to, the costs of repairs, maintenance, replacements, additions, management, insurance maintained in accordance with the Association Bylaws, and the employment of bookkeepers, accountants, and attorneys to represent the Association when the need arises.

Section 3. Maximum Annual Assessment. The maximum annual assessment per Lot is payable in lump sum payments or installments, as the Members of the Association may establish:
(a) The Board of Directors may establish the annual assessments at an amount not in excess of the maximum set forth herein subject to the provisions of Sections 6 and 7 herein below.
(b) Each January 1 the maximum annual assessment may be increased at an amount at the previous year’s rate plus growth established by the annual Consumer Price Index (CPI) without Member vote. Any increase above the prior year’s rate that exceeds the previous year rate plus annual CPI increase shall be by a vote of the Members, with a majority (51%) affirmative vote of the Lot Owners as provided in Section 6 below.

Section 4. Replacement Reserves. The Association shall maintain in a separate bank account funds for Replacement Reserves to maintain, improve and preserve the Association Property. There can also be other one-time expenditures at the discretion of the Board of Directors, for events less than $2,000.00. For expenditures greater than $2,000.00, the expenditure must be approved by the simple majority of voting members. The Replacement Reserves shall be a part of and collected by the annual Association budget. The initial Replacement Reserves fund shall be established by the Autumn Walk Homeowners’ Association in an amount equal to two (2) months assessments allocated for each Lot and shall be collected from and transferred by the Autumn Walk Homeowners’ Association to the Replacement Reserves fund of the Association at the time of the closing of the sale of each Lot in the Property including resales.

Section 5. Special Assessments for Capital Improvements. Additionally, the Association may levy, in any assessment year, a special assessment applicable to that year only for the purpose of defraying, in whole or in part, an unexpected expense associated with the management or preservation of any portion of the Property or the cost of any construction, reconstruction, repair or replacement of any capital improvement upon the Association Property and/or the utility and drainage easements designated on the recorded Plat, including fixtures and personal property related thereto, provided that any such special assessment shall have the assent of two-thirds (2/3) of the Members/Lot Owners who vote and who vote in person or by proxy at a meeting duly called for this purpose. All special assessments shall be fixed at a uniform rate for all Lots and may be collected monthly. The Capital Improvement fund shall be maintained in a separate bank account in the name of the Association as the Capital Improvement Fund.

Section 6. Specific Notice and Quorum Requirements for Any Action Authorized Under Sections 3 and 5. Notice of any meeting called for the purposes of either increasing the maximum annual assessment or levying special assessments as authorized under Sections 3 or 5 herein above shall be given to each Member stating the date, time, place of the meeting, and purpose for which the meeting is called. Such notice shall be in writing by postal mail or by email. Such notice by postal mail shall be either mailed or delivered to each Member at such Member’s address as it appears on the books of the Association not less than ten (10) days or more than thirty (30) days prior to the date set for such meeting. Proof of such mailing or delivery may be given by the written statement of the Secretary or other person giving the notice. Written waiver of notice of the meeting
may be given before, at, or after the meeting. At the meeting called, the presence of seventy percent (70%) of the Members/Lot Owners or of proxies or of emails entitled to vote and who wish to participate in such vote shall constitute a quorum for that meeting. Fifty-one percent (51%) of those attending, in person or by proxy, shall constitute a majority for the vote passage.

Section 7. Uniform Rate of Assessment. Both annual and special assessments must be fixed at the uniform rate for all Lots and may be collected on a monthly basis. Except that special assessments of a single Lot as provided herein shall be authorized and an obligation of that Lot Owner (example: damage to property by Owner assessment or attorney fee collection assessment).

SheliaH (Indiana)
Posts: 6,964
Posted:
I don't see a question in all this, but I assume you want to know if and when the board can vote to spend money or add things to the budget with or without homeowner approval. I don't think your president or anyone else on that board should be adding services to the budget if that service isn't for the common areas (e.g. gutter cleaning). The homeowners are the ones who can vote to amend the documents to add or subtract services that are homeowner responsibility.

Generally, the annual budget takes care of routine expenses used to maintain the common area and fund reserves. Reserves are used for major improvement and replacements to the common area. I live in a townhouse community, so gutter cleaning is covered as a routine expense. Replacing a tree in the common area would also be covered, but it's not in our reserve fund (unlike roof replacement). Special assessments have to be approved by the homeowners - fortunately, we've never had one.

Regarding the landscaping, is that a part of the association common areas? Does the committee have the authority to authorize any spending outside the board? Usually, committees make recommendations to the board, which has final say over spending (unless it's a special assessment for major improvements to the common areas and that has to be approved by the homeowners). Read your documents to see what advisory committees can and can't do and then ask your board for details on this new spending.

I think you're on the right track about asking questions, but if the board is ignoring you, it may be time to get your neighbors involved. Talk to them about your concerns - if they feel the same as you, all of you need to attend meetings and start demanding answers. A HOA board might ignore one homeowner, but it's more difficult to blow off a dozen or more. Keep attending meetings and let that board know you're paying attention and will be asking questions. If they keep doing questionable things, it may be time for other homeowners (like you) to consider running against them in the next election.


If it is not right do not do it; if it is not true do not say it. Marcus Aurelius
SheriS1 (Tennessee)
Posts: 21
Posted:
Quote:
Posted By SheliaH on 07/22/2019 7:14 AM
I don't see a question in all this, but I assume you want to know if and when the board can vote to spend money or add things to the budget with or without homeowner approval. I don't think your president or anyone else on that board should be adding services to the budget if that service isn't for the common areas (e.g. gutter cleaning). The homeowners are the ones who can vote to amend the documents to add or subtract services that are homeowner responsibility.

Generally, the annual budget takes care of routine expenses used to maintain the common area and fund reserves. Reserves are used for major improvement and replacements to the common area. I live in a townhouse community, so gutter cleaning is covered as a routine expense. Replacing a tree in the common area would also be covered, but it's not in our reserve fund (unlike roof replacement). Special assessments have to be approved by the homeowners - fortunately, we've never had one.

Regarding the landscaping, is that a part of the association common areas? Does the committee have the authority to authorize any spending outside the board? Usually, committees make recommendations to the board, which has final say over spending (unless it's a special assessment for major improvements to the common areas and that has to be approved by the homeowners). Read your documents to see what advisory committees can and can't do and then ask your board for details on this new spending.

I think you're on the right track about asking questions, but if the board is ignoring you, it may be time to get your neighbors involved. Talk to them about your concerns - if they feel the same as you, all of you need to attend meetings and start demanding answers. A HOA board might ignore one homeowner, but it's more difficult to blow off a dozen or more. Keep attending meetings and let that board know you're paying attention and will be asking questions. If they keep doing questionable things, it may be time for other homeowners (like you) to consider running against them in the next election.


Thank you. Our Capitol improvements are only Landscaping, mailboxes and a sign. I found this description of Capitol Improvements in regards to HOA's.

A capital improvement is any (i) substantial discretionary addition to the common areas, (ii) voluntary significant upgrade to common area materials, or (iii) discretionary material alterations to the appearance of the development.

I would say $22,000 dollars last month is Substantial.. The committee's can make some rules, interpreting basicall, but no one has control over our dues other than the board submitting the budget to the homeowners for the common expenses, which still requires a vote and all other spending for the common areas above $2000 has to be voted on.

AugustinD
Posts: 5,144
Posted:
I agree with what SheliaH wrote. Here are a few other observations that will maybe help.

Quote:
Posted By SheriS1 on 07/22/2019 6:37 AM
I live in a HOA in TN. Our Board is under the impression that they can do things without members votes.
It is usual for a HOA's governing documents to give the HOA Board quite a bit of latitude (and without a membership vote required) in decision-making.

Quote:
1. The Board has added Gutter Cleaning to the budget in the amount of $3000, with no vote. The president said he has every right to do that and because he doesn't want to clean his gutters. We own our land and are responsible for our own exterior maintenance.
See other thread started by the OP for my disapproval of the President's/Board's actions re gutters.

Quote:
2. The Board has allowed the Landscape committee to spend $24,000 in 2018 and now, June 2019 Financial's has $22,000 in new landscaping that was not voted on and there is a $8,000 budget for watering, so with the new landscaping the projected water bill will like be more in the $10,000 range.
First, routine maintenance of the landscaping is paid out of the operating funds, not the reserve funds. Maybe this is where your confusion is? Do you realize that good practices and sometimes statute dictates that a HOA's funds are typically segregated into at least two accounts, an operating account and a reserve account, typically held in two separate bank accounts?

Second, Replacement Reserves typically pay for replacement (or possibly major maintenance) of those capital items (or "components") owned collectively by the HOA that have a life of more than one year. Who determines what the "capital compoenents" are? Typically it's the Board working with a company licensed in analyzing capital components, including the capital components' lives; the cost to replace the capital components; and how to budget to replace the capital components. A close reading of the governing documents is essential to identifying what is and what is not a capital component. For a HOA that is not a condominium, typical capital components may include a HOA playground's equipment; a HOA's irrigation system; a HOA's clubhouse; and a HOA's pool.

Third, since routine maintenance is not a line item for "replacement reserves," then per your PUD's governing documents, it appears to me that no vote is required.

Quote:
My understanding is that what should be on the annual budget should be the common expenses, along with insurance and other mandatory community debt. (taxes, management company fee's, etc).
Yes, though common area expenses are typically broken down and categorized in separate line items of the (1) annual operating budget; and (2) the annual reserve fund budget. The two budgets work together to some extent. In particular, the annual operating budget should have a line item for taking a part of the annual assessment and expensing this part to the annual reserve fund budget.

Quote:
Anything else would require is to vote on special projects for the community as far as Capitol Improvements go, and to make sure that our reserve funds are well funded. Once the budget is set and lets say a repair is needed to be done on the common property, then funds from the reserve would be used and in our case, the board has the right to spend up to $2000 without a member vote.
This is not how I read your governing documents. Nor is it usual practice.

Quote:
If the repair is over $2000, we should be able to vote on it.
If the repair/replacement is for a capital component, then your HOA's governing documents require a membership vote for any expense over $2000. Else no membership vote is required.

Quote:
At the end of the year, if the reserve fund is lower than that of the reserve [] study suggested amount for that account, we would need to include that in our next budget to replace those funds.
This might be good practice, but the truth is Boards often have enormous latitude in how they fund reserves.

Do your governing documents specify how often Reserve Studies have to be done? How about state law? Every five years is common practice. Some Boards will update the Reserve Study every year using volunteers. For a mathematically competent person who understand infrastructure and a bit about finance, this is not hard. Still, I'd say for 99.9% of HOA members, updating a reserve study is beyond their skills.

Quote:
Now for Capitol Improvements, like a big landscape plan that doe not fall under maintenance, but new plans by the Landscape Committee, ($22,000) this is something that [we?] should budget for and put so much money to that account until the required funds are in there for the Capitol Improvements that the members have approved by votes. Once again, our board believes they have a right to do this with our votes.
I'd need more details. Like is the Landscape Committee adding capital components not authorized by the governing documents? They should not. What'd this Commitee do?

Also, can you post how much annual dollars of income and expenses are usual for your HOA's budget?

Do you have any idea what the "percent funded" figure is for your HOA's Reserve Account?

I think your questions are good. But I also think some of these HOA budgeting concepts may take some time to sink in and require further study.
KerryL1 (California)
Posts: 14,550
Posted:
the OP wrote: "A capital improvement is any (i) substantial discretionary addition to the common areas, (ii) voluntary significant upgrade to common area materials, or (iii) discretionary material alterations to the appearance of the development."

Keywords here are "discretionary additions." I assume there's always been landscaping, mailboxes and signs, etc. They aren't elective additions. Signs & mailboxes should be reserves components. Sometimes, HOAs have some landscaping in their reserves budgets, i.e., tree replacement. And they also have the contract in the operating budget for routine maintenance.

SheriS1 (Tennessee)
Posts: 21
Posted:

Quote:
2. The Board has allowed the Landscape committee to spend $24,000 in 2018 and now, June 2019 Financial's has $22,000 in new landscaping that was not voted on and there is a $8,000 budget for watering, so with the new landscaping the projected water bill will like be more in the $10,000 range.
First, routine maintenance of the landscaping is paid out of the operating funds, not the reserve funds. Maybe this is where your confusion is? Do you realize that good practices and sometimes statute dictates that a HOA's funds are typically segregated into at least two accounts, an operating account and a reserve account, typically held in two separate bank accounts?

Second, Replacement Reserves typically pay for replacement (or possibly major maintenance) of those capital items (or "components") owned collectively by the HOA that have a life of more than one year. Who determines what the "capital compoenents" are? Typically it's the Board working with a company licensed in analyzing capital components, including the capital components' lives; the cost to replace the capital components; and how to budget to replace the capital components. A close reading of the governing documents is essential to identifying what is and what is not a capital component. For a HOA that is not a condominium, typical capital components may include a HOA playground's equipment; a HOA's irrigation system; a HOA's clubhouse; and a HOA's pool.

Third, since routine maintenance is not a line item for "replacement reserves," then per your PUD's governing documents, it appears to me that no vote is required.

**The landscaping that was done for the 2 years mentioned above was not routine maintenance. It was to landscape areas that had no previous landscaping. I can understand the maintenance part, replacing a bush here and there, mowing, etc and the annual budget could absorb those maintenance situations, as we do have a large routine maintenance budget. We do not have a pool, community center, etc. We have a entry sign and mailboxes and the Associations Common Property, that belongs to everyone in the community. It would be my understanding that all the common expenses would make up our annual budget, and then there should be a vote how to fund the reserve and capitol improvement accounts for improvements and major projects.

Our HOA in not responsible for any exterior maintenance on our homes. We pay the taxes on our land as we own the land.

The Association shall maintain in a separate bank account funds for Replacement Reserves to maintain, improve and preserve the Association Property. There can also be other one-time expenditures at the discretion of the Board of Directors, for events less than $2,000.00. For expenditures greater than $2,000.00, the expenditure must be approved by the simple majority of voting members.

Special Assessments for Capital Improvements. Additionally, the Association may levy, in any assessment year, a special assessment applicable to that year only for the purpose of defraying, in whole or in part, an unexpected expense associated with the management or preservation of any portion of the Property or the cost of any construction, reconstruction, repair or replacement of any capital improvement upon the Association Property and/or the utility and drainage easements designated on the recorded Plat, including fixtures and personal property related thereto, provided that any such special assessment shall have the assent of two-thirds (2/3) of the Members/Lot Owners who vote and who vote in person or by proxy at a meeting duly called for this purpose. All special assessments shall be fixed at a uniform rate for all Lots and may be collected monthly. The Capital Improvement fund shall be maintained in a separate bank account in the name of the Association as the Capital Improvement Fund.

Thank you for helping me understand and look at all possible scenarios.

JohnC46 (South Carolina)
Posts: 14,265
Posted:
Sheri

Association money falls into two main categories:

Operating Funds which pay for the day to day, planned on operations of the association. Utilities, MC, landscaping, etc. Our budget shows 20 shall we say out goes.

Reserves Funds are for repairing/replacing existing amenities and for that purpose only. The Reserve Fund could be split among things pool repair, street repair, clubhouse repair, etc. Our budget show 2 Reserve Funds. General amd Roof Replacement. Yes one can borrow from the reserves but they must have defined pay back plan.

They are treating your Reserve Fund as a Operating Funds. You say you pay it back, but where does the money come from?

Capital Improvements basically means adding new things and typically would have to be paid for with an assessment that owners would vote on.

At the end of the year your budget should be balanced. Some items may bounce around more than others but the bottom line should be like:
$200,000 Income.
$180,000 Spent.
$ 20,000 Added to Reserve Funding.

$000.000 Balanced Budget.
AugustinD
Posts: 5,144
Posted:
Quote:
Posted By SheriS1 on 07/22/2019 9:48 AM
The landscaping that was done for the 2 years mentioned above was not routine maintenance. It was to landscape areas that had no previous landscaping. I can understand the maintenance part, replacing a bush here and there, mowing, etc and the annual budget could absorb those maintenance situations, as we do have a large routine maintenance budget.
Then I agree the expense in excess of $2000, for landscaping this previously non-landscaped part of the grounds, should have been put to a membership vote.
Quote:
It would be my understanding that all the common expenses would make up our annual budget and then there should be a vote how to fund the reserve and capitol improvement accounts for improvements and major projects.
I do not see where a vote on /how to fund/ the reserve account is required.

Do the governing documents require a membership vote approving the annual budget? Granted an annual budget is only a guide. To stick rigidly to what the annual budget prescribes is not impossible.

Thank you for being thorough and posting verbatim from your governing documents.
AugustinD
Posts: 5,144
Posted:
Quote:
Posted By AugustinD on 07/22/2019 9:57 AM

Do the governing documents require a membership vote approving the annual budget? Granted an annual budget is only a guide. To stick rigidly to what the annual budget prescribes is not impossible.
Post-o. Change "not impossible" to "not possible."
SheriS1 (Tennessee)
Posts: 21
Posted:
Quote:
Posted By AugustinD on 07/22/2019 9:57 AM
Posted By SheriS1 on 07/22/2019 9:48 AM
The landscaping that was done for the 2 years mentioned above was not routine maintenance. It was to landscape areas that had no previous landscaping. I can understand the maintenance part, replacing a bush here and there, mowing, etc and the annual budget could absorb those maintenance situations, as we do have a large routine maintenance budget.
Then I agree the expense in excess of $2000, for landscaping this previously non-landscaped part of the grounds, should have been put to a membership vote.
Quote:
It would be my understanding that all the common expenses would make up our annual budget and then there should be a vote how to fund the reserve and capitol improvement accounts for improvements and major projects.
I do not see where a vote on /how to fund/ the reserve account is required.

Do the governing documents require a membership vote approving the annual budget? Granted an annual budget is only a guide. To stick rigidly to what the annual budget prescribes is not impossible.

Thank you for being thorough and posting verbatim from your governing documents.

CHAPTER VII FISCAL MANAGEMENT
Section 1. Annual Assessments

(a) The Association Board of Directors shall adopt a budget for each fiscal year of the Association, and such Budget shall contain estimates of the amount of monies deemed necessary for the common expenses, the manner of expenditure thereof, and the assessments against each Lot Owner. Each Lot Owner shall be obligated to pay his or her proportionate share of the common expenses assessed against him or her by the Association Board of Directors in accordance with the Declaration, the Charter, these Bylaws, and applicable law. The time and due dates of such payments shall, subject to the terms of the Declaration, be established by the Association Board of Directors. ***(only if there is a need to increase our assessment, a vote is required)***

(b) The Association Board of Directors shall give notice to each Lot Owner in writing, and to any eligible Lender, of the amount estimated by the Association Board of Directors, for common expenses for the management and operation of the Association for the next ensuing budget period and the annual assessments, directed to the Lot Owner and eligible Lender at the annual meeting every year and via email or postal mail at the Lot Owner’s last known postal or email address. Said notice shall be conclusively presumed to have been delivered within five (5) days after an email has been sent or mail has been deposited in the United States mail. ***(this did not happen)***

(c) The omission by the Association Board of Directors, before the expiration of any year, to fix the assessment thereunder for the next year shall not be deemed to be a waiver or modification in any respect to the provisions of the Declaration or these Bylaws, a release of any Lot Owner from the obligation to pay the assessments, or an installment thereof for that or any subsequent year. However, the assessment fixed for the preceding year shall continue until a new assessment is fixed.

Section 2. Special Assessments. In addition to the annual assessments authorized herein above, the Association Board of Directors may levy, in any assessment year, a special assessment, applicable to that year only, for the purpose of defraying, in whole or in part, an unexpected expense associated with reconstruction, repair or replacement of any capital improvement upon the Association property and/or the utility and drainage easements designated on the recorded Plat. All special assessments shall be fixed at a uniform rate for all Lots and may be collected monthly. The Capitol improvement fund shall be maintained in a separate bank account in the name of the Association as the Capitol Improvement Fund.

Section 3. Replacement Reserves. The Association Board of Directors shall not be obligated to expend all of the assessments collected in any accounting period, but must establish and maintain a reasonable reserve for the periodic maintenance, repair, and replacement of Association property, and the utility and drainage easements. Reserves will be established out of the annual assessments and maintained in a separate bank account for Replacement Reserves.

Section 4. Working Capitol. In order to insure that the Association will have funds to meet unforeseen expenditures or to purchase equipment and services, each lot owner shall pay an amount equal to two (2) months annual assessments of each Lot to the Association at the time of the closing including resales. Such amount shall not be considered advance payment of annual assessments which are required to be paid by each Lot Owner herinabove. The Association shall maintain the amounts collected in a Reserve account for the use and benefit of the Association.

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