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AprilW1 (North Carolina)
Posts: 1
Posted:
Hi everyone,

I am researching the CC&Rs for my HOA. We are in NC and were incorporated in 1998, prior to the NC PCA. While I understand some of the PCA effects our HOA, I am currently looking at how fines can be levied against homeowners in the neighborhood.

The articles of incorporation state the HOA has the powers provided in the CC&Rs. Specifically stated: "The Association shall have such powers as are provided in the Declaration of Covenants, Condition and Restrictions for (neighborhood) as recorded in the (county registry), and as said in Declaration may be amended from time to time."

The CC&Rs give the rights to annual assessments and suspension of voting rights for unpaid assessments. However no mention of fines. The closest thing is in the Use section which states the board may have the required work if maintenance is not done and "the costs thus incurred shall be paid by the owner." Enforcement is states ad "the right to enforce by proceeding at law or in equity, all restrictions, conditions, covenants, reservations, liens, and charges now or hereafter imposed by this declaration.

Now as I understand the NC supreme court ruled in 2003 (after the PCA was in effect) that HOAs do not automatically have the right to impose fines just because the PCA says the "may" be granted said power. It goes on to say in paragraph 46 of the ruling "Similarly, our holding does not forbid defendant (HOA), or any other homeowners association formed prior to 1999, from taking advantage of the statutory powers created under the PCA, provided the legal authority for the exercise of those powers is established. Where the declaration of a homeowners association prior to 1999 is silent as to whether an association has the power to fine its own members, but provides, as the instant declaration does, for an amendment of the declaration provisions, the homeowners association may certainly obtain the power to fine its members as described under NCGS 47F-3-102(12) by following the prescribed amendment procedure and by adding the appropriate language to the declaration."

The procedure to add any amendment requires an accent vote of 67% of the neighborhood members per the Articles of incorporation. This has not been done or if it has, nothing has been filed. The last legal declaration was in 2-98 from my understanding.

So my question is this. With that ruling, does the board have the right to impose fines without adding an amendment to the Declaration? Was this NC Supreme Court ruling ever overturned, by judgement or law?

Here is the link to the court case if you need further clarification.
http://www.ccfj.net/courtdecNCnofines.html

Thank you
TimB4 (Tennessee)
Posts: 21,062
Posted:
April,

Based on what you provided, the question of having the right is open for interpretation.

Can the Board impose a monetary penalty? That answer would be yes.
To be honest, a Board may do that which they believe they have the authority to do. If they believe that they may impose monetary penalties, then yes, the Board can impose monetary penalties.

Will the decision to impose monetary penalties withstand judicial review if challenged? Based on the courts ruling, I would expect that such a decision would not hold up in court. However, that requires someone to take the issue to court.

April, if you are on the Board, I would recommend that you obtain a legal opinion prior to trying to collect such a monetary penalty.

If you are not on the Board, you have to make the decision if the issue where the , monetary penalty was imposed upon you is enough of an issue that you desire to hire an attorney and take the issue through the courts.

Keep in mind, there is still the underlying issue of why the charges incurred. This was not discussed but should be. If one complies with the Covenants, there is no reason for monetary penalties. If one does not comply with the covenants, receives a warning and corrects the issue, there is no reason for monetary penalties. If one does not comply with the covenants, ignores warnings and notifications from the Association and the violation continues, the Board has two options:

1) Impose monetary penalties (regardless of authority) in hope that this will encourage the individual to comply with the contract they agreed to comply with when they purchased.

2) Take the issue through the courts to force compliance.

If members of the Association do not want to grant the Board authority to impose monetary penalties but still desire the Board to enforce the covenants, the members better be willing to pony up the funds to take every violation through the courts and violators should be willing to pony up funds for an attorney to defend themselves when the Association brings such action.

My Association has a similar issue. The Virginia courts have ruled that imposing monetary penalties when the CC&Rs do not grant such authority is beyond the authority of the Board. The Virginia legislature responded with poorly worded statute that has each County interpreting the statute differently. Therefore, in one County the Association may likely win, in another County the Association may likely lose. Our Boards decision is to impose the monetary penalty but waive them if the issue is resolved by mm/dd/yyyy. This has worked for us.

April, if you are the violator, rather then taking the issue through the courts (which is expensive and time consuming), consider bringing the violation into compliance and ask that the Board waive the penalty based on the court decision. It's possible that the Board is unaware of the decision and asking that the charges be waived may prompt the Board to seek a legal opinion.

Hope this helps,

Tim
JM16 (North Carolina)
Posts: 24
Posted:
I believe the current consensus (IANAL and this does not represent legal advice) is that NC 47F Section 103-2 #12 provides the ability and framework for monetary fines as long as your CCRs do not expressively prohibit them.

JM16 (North Carolina)
Posts: 24
Posted:
The SC case you referenced was over a decade ago and the NC Legislature updated the NC Planned Community act in 2008, 2012, and 2014 to further clarify and expand. If you search there's another thread on here that extensively talks about it.. was last updated a few weeks ago.

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