When to paint would vary by State to State and even town to town due to climate differences.
The average is 7 to 10 years I believe.
We don't worry about painting until the paint is chipping or too faded. Nor do we have a specific time between paintings. It's a judgment call. Most people can't really define when a paint job is needed but know it when they see it.
As a side note, many CC&Rs have language that allows the Association to make repairs and charge the owner. My Board has been advised to not enter the property to perform any repairs without a court order unless it's a safety/hazard to others. Otherwise, you may be defending yourself against trespassing charges.
Here are some links on painting:
How often should you paint the outside of your house? a 2015 article
How Long Should It Last? (exterior) from contractor talk.com
Hope this helps,
Tim