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JosephH2 (Pennsylvania)
Posts: 57
Posted:
We are a new and learning HOA Board.
We are having disagreements over how to handle an operating budget deficit which, in turn, has brought up disagreements about our Reserves.

Two years ago we had a slight overrun ($1,300) of our operating budget at year’s end so we paid it out of the next years fees (some of which had already been received) and increased the fees for the new year slightly to make up the difference.

This year we have already exceeded the year’s total budgeted amount for snow removal and we think this will likely cause a bigger deficit ($9,000) at the end of the year.

Now we are having a serious disagreement over how to handle this expected deficit.
­ Some Board members want to levy a Special Assessment now.
­ Some want to wait until the end of the year to see the net deficit and do what we did before.
­ Some want to wait until the end of the year to see the net deficit and charge it against our Reserves.

The Board disagrees as to which is the best option and we are not sure if the last option is allowed.

Our HOA has a Reserve Account for anticipated future capital expenses based on a Reserve Study that we did last year. We do not have any other “reserve” account. So the question has come up as to whether we can/should charge operating deficits to our existing reserve account or if we can/should set up an “Operating Reserve Account”

Our Declaration says:

“The Association may establish reserve accounts to be funded through assessments over a reasonable period of time and thereafter may maintain adequate reserves for maintenance, repair and replacements of the Common Elements that are anticipated to require maintenance, repair or replacement on a periodic basis and to cover deductible amounts in property insurance policies.

Extraordinary expenditures not originally included in the annual budget that may be incurred in any year may be charged first against such reserves.

In addition, the Executive Board shall have the right to segregate all or any portion of the reserves for any specific replacement or contingency upon such conditions as the Executive Board deems appropriate.”

The Declaration uses the word “may” and seems to be talking about a Reserve Account based on a Reserve Study dedicated to funding specific, long term, capital items such as streets and sidewalks. Then it goes on to say that “extraordinary” expenses not in the annual budget can be charged against such reserves. Would this include unexpected snow removal costs?

Our Bylaws say:

“The Executive Board shall build up and maintain reasonable reserves for working capital, operations, contingencies and replacements.

Extraordinary expenditures not originally included in the annual budget which may become necessary during the year may be charged first against such reserves. If the reserves are deemed to be inadequate for any reason, including non-payment of any Unit Owner's assessments, the Executive Board may at any time levy further assessments for Common Expense which shall be assessed against the Unit Owners either according to their respective shares of the Common Expenses, and shall be payable in one or more monthly assessments as the Executive Board may determine.”

The Bylaws use the word “shall” and seem to be talking about “operating” reserves. Does this mean we must establish an “Operating Reserve” account?

I would appreciate any advice on dealing with a budget deficit. I can’t believe that this issue should be so confusing.

JohnB26 (South Carolina)
Posts: 1,569
Posted:
in an ideal world:

operating fund account - checking for day to day budgeted expenses - maybe 3 months dues

operating contingency account - saving for unexpected/unusual events, but of a 'routine' matter (such as a heavy snowfall year) - maybe 3 months dues

reserve funds - investments (AAA+ and/or FDIC) - for expected long term costs of replacing things as they wear out

in practice:

6 month operating

reserves funded about 80%

you are asking the proper ???

regardless of your actual policy, all the $$$ comes from the membership - ? poll ?
GlenL (Ohio)
Posts: 5,491
Posted:
Joseph, taking from the reserves to fund operating costs and keep them artificially low will only end up biting you in the a$$ down the line. This year its snow removal next year its something else and before you know it you need to have a massive special assessment to pay for road resurfacing because all of the money in reserves is gone. Plans like this are usually presented by people who hope to keep assessments to the minimum and be gone before the bill comes due. (For an example of this, look at the US budget, but I digress.)

What we did a few years ago when we were in the same position over snow removal was to borrow funds from the reserves. Assessments were then raised to repay the reserves over 24 months, rather than having a big special assessment. I think everyone's monthly fees went up about $10.00 rather than making everyone pony up a SA of $240.00.

Studies show that 5 out of 4 people have problems with fractions
TimB4 (Tennessee)
Posts: 21,059
Posted:
Joseph,

As Glen said, taking from the Reserves to fund operating expenses is a no-win situation.

However, steps can be taken to address the issue.
Our Association did the following:

1) Created a line item in the operating budget called "miscellaneous" to cover unplanned expenses that wouldn't fall under Reserves and initially make up budget short falls (like snow removal). Our amount is $1,500 but it could be any amount the Board decides.

2) Created a line item in the Reserves called "contingencies" to cover budget shortfalls in the Reserves and, since we own the streets and consider snow removal maintenance of the streets, it can also be used to cover short falls in the snow removal line item of the operating fund. We have set a maximum limit for the contingency line item at $50,000 (mainly because road repairs and milling/paving can vary depending on the price of oil at the time).

3) Adopted a policy that all operating fund line items that were under budget at the end of the year would have those unused funds transferred to the Reserves contingency line item.

4) Adopted a policy to start each year with a certain amount in the operating fund (checking account) which helps provide a cushion/buffer if bills need to be paid before assessment payments are received. For us, we determined this amount to be $3,000. However, it could be any amount the Board sets. This amount would be initially collected from the under budgeted line items in the operating funds budget.
JohnC46 (South Carolina)
Posts: 14,265
Posted:
Quote:
Posted By GlenL on 04/22/2014 3:57 PM
Joseph, taking from the reserves to fund operating costs and keep them artificially low will only end up biting you in the a$$ down the line. This year its snow removal next year its something else and before you know it you need to have a massive special assessment to pay for road resurfacing because all of the money in reserves is gone. Plans like this are usually presented by people who hope to keep assessments to the minimum and be gone before the bill comes due. (For an example of this, look at the US budget, but I digress.)

What we did a few years ago when we were in the same position over snow removal was to borrow funds from the reserves. Assessments were then raised to repay the reserves over 24 months, rather than having a big special assessment. I think everyone's monthly fees went up about $10.00 rather than making everyone pony up a SA of $240.00.

This is sound advice.
FredS7 (Arizona)
Posts: 927
Posted:
The clearly BAD option is to charge an operating expense (snow removal) against reserves.

It's better to take the long view, raise the fees a bit more than needed to cover the over-run over a year or so.

You can revisit the fees later and REDUCE them if things work out better than you expect.
DavidW5 (North Carolina)
Posts: 565
Posted:
Quote:
Posted By TimB4 on 04/22/2014 4:50 PM
Joseph,

2) Created a line item in the Reserves called "contingencies" to cover budget shortfalls in the Reserves and, since we own the streets and consider snow removal maintenance of the streets, it can also be used to cover short falls in the snow removal line item of the operating fund. We have set a maximum limit for the contingency line item at $50,000 (mainly because road repairs and milling/paving can vary depending on the price of oil at the time).


Tim,

You might want to check this with your auditor or tax preparer. It is my understanding that the IRS does not consider snow removal, like painting, a valid use of reserves, which are for replacement of capital assets.

Dave
TimB4 (Tennessee)
Posts: 21,059
Posted:
We have. Since the contingency line item is to also cover budget shortfalls for other underfunded reserve items, the fact that we do have a line item for snow removal in the operating funds/budget (which typically more than covers a normal winters snow removal) along with the resolution that under-budget operating line items are transferred to the contingency item at the end of the year - it can be seen as follows:

Contingency funds used to cover a heaver than normal winter snow removal costs can be seen as a loan with the repayment being made at the end of the year.

Therefore, even though we see it as a cover for another snowmaggeden event (which required 20K over budgeted amount), the IRS would see it as a loan if every asked.
TimB4 (Tennessee)
Posts: 21,059
Posted:
Quote:
Posted By FredS7 on 04/23/2014 5:19 AM

The clearly BAD option is to charge an operating expense (snow removal) against reserves.

Agreed !!

The operating fund should have enough funds budgeted for a normal winters snow removal plus a little extra.

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